Overview of Joint Effusion of the Knee

Joint effusion of the knee occurs when water accumulates by the joint of knee. It is typically not a serious condition, however it can be painful and necessitate treatment depending on the cause and circumstances. It is important to understand the characteristics of this condition if you think that you may be suffering from it.
According to the Mayo Clinic, there are a number of symptoms that are indicative of joint effusion of the knee. You may experience swelling in one knee because of the accumulation of water. This will be especially noticeable when looking at both of your knees together. Stiffness is another common symptom. Because of the fluid, bending your knee may become difficult. You may not have the range of movement that you normally have.
Pain is another hallmark of this condition. It can range from mild to severe. Walking may be difficult if you find it too painful to put any weight on the joint. Occasionally, the affected knee will become red or warm. You should contact your health care provider immediately if you experience this symptom.
Various problems can cause joint effusion of the knee. A traumatic injury is one of the most common causes. When your knee becomes damaged, excess water can build up as a result. This could be from a broken bone, a meniscus or ligament tear or an injury from overuse of your knee.
Different diseases and disorders can also cause water to accumulate by your knee. An infection can be the source of the problem, as can a bleeding disorder, a cyst or bursitis. Other sources include osteoarthritis, tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, gout and pseudogout.
Different clinical methods are utilized in the diagnosis of joint effusion of the knee. Your physician may schedule an x-ray or MRI to look for arthritis and problems with your bones. Blood tests may show infections, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, Lyme disease, bleeding disorders and gout. Your doctor may also conduct a joint aspiration to obtain the actual liquid from your knee. This can then be tested for blood and bacteria.
The treatment for joint effusion of the knee will depend on the severity of the symptoms as well as the underlying cause. If you have an infection, for instance, then antibiotics will be prescribed. Over the counter and prescription pain medications such as Advil can help control the discomfort associated with it. Corticosteroids such as prednisone can provide some relief but must be taken with caution.
Joint aspiration can also be used as a treatment option to remove the liquid from your knee. The doctor uses a syringe to withdraw the liquid. An arthroscopy is a procedure in which a surgical device allows a doctor to look into the knee joint and make repairs. In severe cases, a joint replacement is the only option.
Joint effusion of the knee is a painful condition, but there are many treatment options. Visit the Mayo Clinic for more information on this condition.